The popular movements known as the “Arab Spring” began in 2011 when a street vendor burned himself in Tunisia, and quickly affected the entire Middle East and North Africa region, targeting oppressive regimes in power. This process, which affected the Arab world in waves with the escape of Zine El Abidine Ben Ali in Tunisia, the trial of Hosni Mubarak in Egypt, and the assassination of Gaddafi by his own people in Libya, has left regional states facing new uncertainties. In Tunisia, where the Arab Spring began, constituent assembly elections were held on October 23, 2011. These elections took their place in history as the first free and fair elections among the countries that experienced the Arab Spring. After the elections, the new constitution was completed by the Constitutional Commission, and a new prime minister and president were elected. This situation became an example among the Middle Eastern and North African countries that experienced the Arab Spring; it showed that Tunisia has a higher democratic culture than other countries. In this context, the reason why the Arab Spring, which caused the Islamic geography to sink into the swamp of terror, the Egyptian State to survive with a dictatorial regime, states such as Iraq, Syria, Yemen and Libya to be dragged into civil war and even their existence to be debated, was successfully experienced in Tunisia is discussed in the article.

Bu çalışma, göçmenlerin ev sahibi toplumlarda kamu güvenliği üzerindeki etkilerini ve medyanın bu etkiler üzerinden yerel halk algısını nasıl şekillendirdiğini sosyolojik bir bakış açısıyla değerlendirmektedir. Göçmenlerin suç oranlarına ilişkin kamuoyundaki yaygın olumsuz algılar, çoğu zaman medya söylemleriyle pekiştirilmekte; ancak ampirik veriler, bu algıların istatistiksel temelden yoksun olduğunu göstermektedir. Araştırmalar, göçmenlerin suç oranlarının genellikle yerli nüfusa kıyasla daha düşük olduğunu ve göçmen toplulukların sosyal bağları aracılığıyla kamu düzenine katkı sunduklarını ortaya koymaktadır. Bununla birlikte, ana akım medya, göçmenleri sıklıkla suç, şiddet ve tehdit temaları çerçevesinde temsil ederek “kriminal öteki” imgesini yeniden üretmekte; bu da toplumun göçmenleri potansiyel tehdit olarak algılamasına neden olmaktadır. Medyada kullanılan dil ve temsil biçimleri, yalnızca bireysel düzeydeki algıları değil, aynı zamanda kamu politikalarının güvenlik eksenli biçimde şekillenmesini de etkilemektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışma, göçmenlere dair kamuoyunun daha dengeli ve gerçekçi biçimde bilgilendirilmesi için medya söylemlerinin eleştirel bir bakışla değerlendirilmesi gerektiğini savunmakta; kapsayıcı ve insan haklarına dayalı göç politikalarının inşasında medyanın dönüştürücü rolüne dikkat çekmektedir. Bu çalışma, toplumsal olguların anlam boyutunu derinlemesine çözümlemeyi hedefleyen nitel araştırma yaklaşımına dayalı olarak tasarlanmıştır. Nitel araştırma yöntemi, nicel göstergelerin ötesine geçerek, bireylerin, toplulukların veya metinlerin dünyayı nasıl kavradıklarını, deneyimlediklerini ve anlamlandırdıklarını incelemeye odaklanmaktadır. Bu yaklaşım, özellikle sosyal temsiller, algılar ve söylemler üzerine yapılan araştırmalarda, öznel deneyimlerin ve kültürel anlatıların analizine imkân tanımaktadır. Bu bağlamda, çalışmanın temel amacı, göçmenlerin suç oranlarına ilişkin kamuoyundaki olumsuz algıların toplumsal inşasını incelemektir. Çalışma, medya söylemlerinin göçmenliği nasıl anlamlandırdığını ve bu anlamlandırmanın toplumsal tutumlara nasıl yansıdığını çözümlemeyi amaçlamaktadır.

The Caspian Basin holds strategic importance for global energy security due to its rich oil and natural gas reserves. The main hypothesis of this study is that although the Caspian Basin’s energy resources have the potential to strengthen global energy security, geopolitical competition and security issues in the region limit this potential. This study aims to reveal the role of the Caspian Basin’s energy resources in the global supply, examine the competition between regional actors, and assess the impact of this competition on energy security. Findings show that Russia’s quest for regional dominance and ongoing conflicts, such as the Nagorno-Karabakh issue, have made the energy supply fragile. On the other hand, multilateral pipeline projects, such as the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (BTC) pipeline and the Trans Anatolian Pipeline (TANAP), offer significant opportunities to diversify Europe’s energy
sources. Ultimately, the Caspian Basin’s ability to effectively contribute to global energy security depends on developing regional cooperation, increasing international support, and strengthening legal and political stability.

Economic diplomacy has become an indispensable dimension of statecraft for small, developed countries that face structural disadvantages in the global economy. For nations such as New Zealand, geographic isolation, demographic constraints, and reliance on primary exports have constrained their capacity to exert influence in global markets. Yet, in the context of deepening globalization and the proliferation of plurilateral trade frameworks, New Zealand has demonstrated a remarkable ability to transcend these constraints through strategic deployment of economic diplomacy. This study applies negotiation theory, drawing on systemic, domestic, and ideational factors to examine how New Zealand has enhanced its global economic engagement in the post-2010s, with particular emphasis on its participation in the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP). Through empirical examination of decision-making processes and trade outcomes, this study demonstrates how negotiation factors such as relative economic power asymmetries, domestic institutional capacity, and commitment to liberal trade norms shaped New Zealand’s participation and policy choices. The analysis further evaluates how CPTPP membership mitigated or reinforced structural challenges, including exposure to external shocks and reliance on agricultural exports. The findings reveal that New Zealand used the CPTPP not merely as a market-access mechanism but as a diplomatic tool to embed itself in high-standard trade governance and amplify influence within a plurilateral framework. The study thus contributes to small-state diplomacy literature by showing that strategic negotiation and institutional entrepreneurship can compensate for material constraints, positioning New Zealand as an adaptive and norm-shaping actor in the global economy.

NATO has gained increasing importance, particularly in light of its expansion into Eastern Europe, which prompted a Russian reaction in the form of the annexation of Crimea in 2014 and subsequent military action in the Russian Ukrainian war. Despite Ukraine’s official request to join, NATO has not yet made a decision on membership, and Ukraine remains only a partner nation. The ongoing war has sparked substantial discussions about NATO’s role in the conflict, including the position of Eastern European countries against Russian drone flyovers. While some members deem their engagement against Russia too risky, others advocate more direct measures, such as increasing air policing missions and the number of forward defence battalions. The following paper discusses the multi-faceted process of NATO enlargement in the context of Russian Ukrainian war which changed parameters of the security situation in Europe. The hypothesis of this study is that “What is the role of NATO and its expansion policies in Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine?” The main theme of this study is to highlight why Russia perceived NATO’s expansion as a threat, and then why it invaded a part of Ukraine territory based on this threat assessment, and why some European countries subsequently felt compelled to act collectively under the NATO’s umbrella against Russia. In this study, qualitative research method, particularly text/document analysis method is used by conducting scientific research on reports released after the latest NATO summits, war reports related to the topic, articles on Russian Ukrainian war and NATO enlargement process.